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Mixing, water balance is sometimes off
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Topic: Mixing, water balance is sometimes off (Read 20661 times)
TUB
Contributor
Posts: 3
Mixing, water balance is sometimes off
«
on:
24/06/25 21:03 »
Hello again, I have a problem with mixing again :)
I want to mix several solutions, my solution inputs are in mol/kgw.
The water balance is always correct if, for example, I mix 230kgw of solution 1 and 450kgw of solution 2
with
MIX 1
1 1
2 1
However, I encountered that the balance is sometimes (not always) off when trying to achieve the same result by using multiples of a solution, e.g.
1 1
2 450
In the example below, the mass of water for solution 3 should be 2356kg + 100kg = 2456 kg. However, it is 2481 kg. What am I doing wrong?
Input:
SOLUTION 1 #NaOH 50% 19.0746M
temp 20.00
pH 7 charge
pe 4
redox pe
units mol/kgw
density 1
Na 19.0746
F 0
Cl 0
Si 0
-water 1 # kg
SAVE SOLUTION 1
END
SOLUTION 2
temp 20.00
pH 7 charge
pe 4
redox pe
units mol/kgw
density 1
Na 1
F 1
Cl 1
Si 0.1
-water 2356 # kg
SAVE SOLUTION 2
END
MIX
1 100
2 1
SAVE SOLUTION 3
END
Output:
DATABASE C:\Program Files (x86)\USGS\Phreeqc Interactive 3.8.6-17100\database\phreeqc.dat
SOLUTION 1 #NaOH 50% 19.0746M
temp 20.00
pH 7 charge
pe 4
redox pe
units mol/kgw
density 1
Na 19.0746
F 0
Cl 0
Si 0
water 1 # kg
SAVE SOLUTION 1
END
-------------------------------------------
Beginning of initial solution calculations.
-------------------------------------------
Initial solution 1.
-----------------------------Solution composition------------------------------
Elements Molality Moles
Na 1.907e+01 1.907e+01
----------------------------Description of solution----------------------------
pH = 15.532 Charge balance
pe = 4.000
Specific Conductance (uS/cm, 20oC) = 949704
Density (g/cm3) = 1.21064
Volume (L) = 1.45621
Viscosity (mPa s) = 28.38419
Activity of water = 0.351
Ionic strength (mol/kgw) = 1.907e+01
Mass of water (kg) = 1.000e+00
Total alkalinity (eq/kg) = 1.907e+01
Temperature (oC) = 20.00
Electrical balance (eq) = 6.539e-11
Percent error, 100*(Cat-|An|)/(Cat+|An|) = 0.00
Iterations = 9
Total H = 1.300870e+02
Total O = 7.458082e+01
----------------------------Distribution of species----------------------------
Log Log Log mole V
Species Molality Activity Molality Activity Gamma cm3/mol
OH- 1.907e+01 8.182e+00 1.280 0.913 -0.368 20.37
H+ 4.242e-16 2.940e-16 -15.372 -15.532 -0.159 0.00
H2O 5.551e+01 3.515e-01 1.744 -0.454 0.000 18.05
H(0) 0.000e+00
H2 0.000e+00 0.000e+00 -44.099 -42.191 1.907 28.61
Na 1.907e+01
Na+ 1.907e+01 3.324e+02 1.280 2.522 1.241 3.45
O(0) 7.023e-13
O2 3.512e-13 2.838e-11 -12.454 -10.547 1.907 29.98
------------------------------Saturation indices-------------------------------
Phase SI** log IAP log K(293 K, 1 atm)
H2(g) -39.10 -42.19 -3.09 H2
H2O(g) -2.09 -0.45 1.63 H2O
O2(g) -7.69 -10.55 -2.85 O2
**For a gas, SI = log10(fugacity). Fugacity = pressure * phi / 1 atm.
For ideal gases, phi = 1.
------------------
End of simulation.
------------------
------------------------------------
Reading input data for simulation 2.
------------------------------------
SOLUTION 2
temp 20.00
pH 7 charge
pe 4
redox pe
units mol/kgw
density 1
Na 1
F 1
Cl 1
Si 0.1
water 2356 # kg
SAVE SOLUTION 2
END
-------------------------------------------
Beginning of initial solution calculations.
-------------------------------------------
Initial solution 2.
-----------------------------Solution composition------------------------------
Elements Molality Moles
Cl 1.000e+00 2.356e+03
F 1.000e+00 2.356e+03
Na 1.000e+00 2.356e+03
Si 1.000e-01 2.356e+02
----------------------------Description of solution----------------------------
pH = 0.826 Charge balance
pe = 4.000
Specific Conductance (uS/cm, 20oC) = 121113
Density (g/cm3) = 1.04978
Volume (L) = 2425.72860
Viscosity (mPa s) = 1.10538
Activity of water = 0.954
Ionic strength (mol/kgw) = 1.301e+00
Mass of water (kg) = 2.356e+03
Total alkalinity (eq/kg) = -1.000e+00
Temperature (oC) = 20.00
Electrical balance (eq) = 5.082e-09
Percent error, 100*(Cat-|An|)/(Cat+|An|) = 0.00
Iterations = 11
Total H = 2.629589e+05
Total O = 1.307726e+05
----------------------------Distribution of species----------------------------
Log Log Log mole V
Species Molality Activity Molality Activity Gamma cm3/mol
H+ 2.022e-01 1.491e-01 -0.694 -0.826 -0.132 0.00
OH- 7.787e-14 4.380e-14 -13.109 -13.359 -0.250 -1.91
H2O 5.551e+01 9.542e-01 1.744 -0.020 0.000 18.05
Cl 1.000e+00
Cl- 9.912e-01 5.936e-01 -0.004 -0.226 -0.223 18.88
HCl 8.788e-03 3.146e-02 -2.056 -1.502 0.554 (0)
F 1.000e+00
HF 3.833e-01 5.173e-01 -0.416 -0.286 0.130 12.26
SiF6-2 1.000e-01 1.569e-02 -1.000 -1.804 -0.804 46.23
HF2- 5.680e-03 4.812e-03 -2.246 -2.318 -0.072 22.81
F- 4.495e-03 2.528e-03 -2.347 -2.597 -0.250 -0.39
NaF 8.138e-04 1.098e-03 -3.089 -2.959 0.130 7.06
H(0) 2.455e-13
H2 1.228e-13 1.656e-13 -12.911 -12.781 0.130 28.61
Na 1.000e+00
Na+ 9.992e-01 7.549e-01 -0.000 -0.122 -0.122 -0.37
NaF 8.138e-04 1.098e-03 -3.089 -2.959 0.130 7.06
O(0) 0.000e+00
O2 0.000e+00 0.000e+00 -68.630 -68.500 0.130 29.98
Si 1.000e-01
SiF6-2 1.000e-01 1.569e-02 -1.000 -1.804 -0.804 46.23
H4SiO4 3.088e-14 4.166e-14 -13.510 -13.380 0.130 52.53
H3SiO4- 5.861e-23 3.442e-23 -22.232 -22.463 -0.231 28.83
H2SiO4-2 6.526e-35 1.122e-35 -34.185 -34.950 -0.765 (0)
------------------------------Saturation indices-------------------------------
Phase SI** log IAP log K(293 K, 1 atm)
Chalcedony -9.73 -13.34 -3.61 SiO2
H2(g) -9.69 -12.78 -3.09 H2
H2O(g) -1.65 -0.02 1.63 H2O
Halite -1.91 -0.35 1.57 NaCl
O2(g) -65.65 -68.50 -2.85 O2
Quartz -9.28 -13.34 -4.06 SiO2
SiO2(a) -10.59 -13.34 -2.75 SiO2
**For a gas, SI = log10(fugacity). Fugacity = pressure * phi / 1 atm.
For ideal gases, phi = 1.
------------------
End of simulation.
------------------
------------------------------------
Reading input data for simulation 3.
------------------------------------
MIX
1 100
2 1
SAVE SOLUTION 3
END
-----------------------------------------
Beginning of batch-reaction calculations.
-----------------------------------------
Reaction step 1.
Using mix 1.
Mixture 1.
1.000e+02 Solution 1
1.000e+00 Solution 2
-----------------------------Solution composition------------------------------
Elements Molality Moles
Cl 9.494e-01 2.356e+03
F 9.494e-01 2.356e+03
Na 1.718e+00 4.263e+03
Si 9.494e-02 2.356e+02
----------------------------Description of solution----------------------------
pH = 7.080 Charge balance
pe = -2.178 Adjusted to redox equilibrium
Specific Conductance (uS/cm, 20oC) = 95073
Density (g/cm3) = 1.07041
Volume (L) = 2543.68766
Viscosity (mPa s) = 1.27630
Activity of water = 0.944
Ionic strength (mol/kgw) = 1.620e+00
Mass of water (kg) = 2.481e+03
Total alkalinity (eq/kg) = -1.808e-01
Temperature (oC) = 20.00
Electrical balance (eq) = 1.155e-08
Percent error, 100*(Cat-|An|)/(Cat+|An|) = 0.00
Iterations = 14
Total H = 2.759676e+05
Total O = 1.382307e+05
Logged
dlparkhurst
Global Moderator
Posts: 4296
Re: Mixing, water balance is sometimes off
«
Reply #1 on:
24/06/25 21:45 »
You have not accounted for the following aqueous reactions that consume or produce water:
Code:
[Select]
SiF6-2 + 4 H2O = H4SiO4 + 6 F- + 4 H+
H+ + OH- = H2O
Please remember that PHREEQC works best with about 1 kg of water in its solutions, so in general, you should scale your reactions to smaller masses of water.
«
Last Edit: 24/06/25 21:46 by dlparkhurst
»
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Mixing, water balance is sometimes off