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Author Topic: Bacterial Sulphate Reduction  (Read 1423 times)

avadhoot

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  • Posts: 10
Bacterial Sulphate Reduction
« on: 28/11/25 19:22 »
I am trying to forward model bacterial sulphate reduction. The reaction I want to simulate is 15CH20 + 2Fe2O3 + 8SO42- + H+ = 4FeS2 + 15HCO3- + 8H2O
My initial water type is Na-HCO3-SO4 and end member is Na-HCO3

Initially I tried to use inverse model and found out following phases have delta mole transfer:
Phase mole transfers:                 Minimum        Maximum   Formula             (Approximate SI in solution 1, 2 at 298 K,   1 atm)
           CH2O      5.501e-03      0.000e+00      0.000e+00   CH2O                       (-52.52,-51.76)
       Hematite      1.994e-03      0.000e+00      0.000e+00   Fe2O3                      ( 17.82, 16.97)
         Pyrite     -3.991e-03      0.000e+00      0.000e+00   FeS2                       (      ,      )
         Halite      4.278e-04      0.000e+00      0.000e+00   NaCl                       ( -5.70, -5.78)
             KX     -1.233e-05      0.000e+00      0.000e+00   KX                         (      ,      )
            NaX     -1.283e-02      0.000e+00      0.000e+00   NaX                        (      ,      )
           MgX2      6.423e-03      0.000e+00      0.000e+00   MgX2                       (      ,      )
        Calcite      6.417e-03      0.000e+00      0.000e+00   CaCO3                      (  0.33,  0.23)
       Dolomite     -6.442e-03      0.000e+00      0.000e+00   CaMg(CO3)2                 (  0.66,  0.44)
         CH4(g)      4.732e-03      0.000e+00      0.000e+00   CH4                        (      ,      )

Redox mole transfers:   
          C(-4)      4.732e-03
          Fe(3)      3.991e-03
          S(-2)     -7.982e-03

Sum of residuals (epsilons in documentation):         2.328e+00
Sum of delta/uncertainty limit:                       2.329e+00
Maximum fractional error in element concentration:    5.000e-02

Based on these delta mole phase transfers, I tried to create forward model where my initial water is Na-HCO3-SO4. Even though the uncertainties are low for both solutions, the final results are not in the ballpark where I expect SO4  concentrations to decrease and HCO3 to increase. SO4 concentrations remain same throughout.

My questions are:
1. Why don't I observe decrease in sulphate concentrations due to SRB?
2. While including reaction of 15CH20 + 2Fe2O3 + 8SO42- + H+ = 4FeS2 + 15HCO3- + 8H2O, I get error that "coefficient of first species on rhs is not equal to 1.0". How do I include this reaction in PHASES?

My inverse model code is
Code: [Select]
TITLE Inverse Modeling Na-HCO3-SO4 to Na-HCO3: BSR


SOLUTION 1 Sodium Bicarbonate Sulphate Water
    temp      25
    pH        8.80
    pe        4
    redox     pe
    units     mg/l
    density   1
    Ca        2.59
    Cl        113.08
    Mg        1.06
    Na        824.37
    S(6)      769.57
    K         2.00
    Fe        0.21
    Alkalinity 927.90
    -water    1 # kg
END

SOLUTION 2 Sodium Bicarbonate Water
    temp      25
    pH        8.67
    pe        4
    redox     pe
    units     mg/l
    density   1
    Ca        1.60
    Cl        128.29
    Mg        0.60
    Na        550.00
    S(6)      4.70
    K         1.52
    Fe        0.07
    Alkalinity 1103.10
    -water    1 # kg
END

PHASES
CH2O
    CH2O + H2O = CO2 + 4H+ + 4e-
    log_k     -3
END

INVERSE_MODELING 1
    -solutions      1        2
    -uncertainty    0.05     0.05
    -phases
        CH2O
        Hematite
        Pyrite
        Halite
        KX
        NaX
        CaX2
        MgX2
        Calcite
        Dolomite
        CO2(g)
        CH4(g)
    -minimal
    -tolerance         1e-10
    -mineral_water     true
END

My forward model code is
Code: [Select]
TITLE Forward Modeling Na-HCO3-SO4 to Na-HCO3: BSR
SOLUTION_SPREAD
-units mg/L

SELECTED_OUTPUT 1
    -file                 Sim-13-NaHCO3SO4-BSR-Rev1.txt
    -pH                   true
    -pe                   true
    -water                true
    -charge_balance       true
    -totals               Ca Cl Mg Na S(6) K Si Alkalinity CO2(g) CH2O
    -saturation_indices   Calcite Dolomite Pyrite Hematite Halite

SOLUTION 0 Sodium Bicarbonate Sulphate Water
    temp      25
    pH        8.80
    pe        4
    redox     pe
    units     mg/l
    density   1
    Ca        2.59
    Cl        113.08
    Mg        1.06
    Na        824.37
    S(6)      769.57
    K         2.00
    Fe        0.21
    Alkalinity 1103.10
    -water    1 # kg
END
EXCHANGE 1
    NaX       0.206
END

PHASES
CH2O
    CH2O + H2O = CO2 + 4H+ + 4e-
    log_k     3
END

EQUILIBRIUM_PHASES 1
    CH2O      -55.52 0.005501 dissolve_only
    Hematite  17.82 0.001994 dissolve_only
    Pyrite    0 0.003991 precipitate_only
    Halite    -5.7 0.0004278 dissolve_only
    Calcite   0.33 0.006417 dissolve_only
    Dolomite  0.66 0.006442 precipitate_only
    CH4(g)    0 0.004732 precipitate_only
END
USE solution 0
USE exchange 1
USE equilibrium_phases 1
SAVE solution 1-10
SAVE exchange 1-10
SAVE equilibrium_phases 1-10
END
TRANSPORT
    -cells                 10
    -shifts                30
    -time_step             86400 # seconds
    -lengths               10*20000
    -dispersivities        10*0.1
    -diffusion_coefficient 6e-12
    -thermal_diffusion     2   6e-12
    -print_frequency       30
    -punch_frequency       30
USER_GRAPH 1
    -headings               dist Ca Mg Na K Alkalinity S(6) Cl pH CO2(g) CH2O
    -axis_titles            "Distance" "Molality" "pH"
    -initial_solutions      false
    -connect_simulations    true
    -plot_concentration_vs  x

  -start
10 GRAPH_X DIST
20 GRAPH_Y TOT("Ca"), TOT("Mg"), TOT("Na"), TOT("K"), TOT("Alkalinity"), TOT("S(6)"), TOT("Cl"), TOT("CO2(g)"), TOT("CH2O")
30 GRAPH_SY -LA("H+")
  -end
    -active                 true
END

I would appreciate your help and guidance in resolving this.
Thanks
Avadhoot
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