Sulfur springs

[Tom]

#Input script file attached to post

#Sulfurous springs exist in many localities worldwide. The UK has a number of sulfur springs, with a large proportion in North Yorkshire, England.

#A very recent paper (Murphy et al., 2014) examined springs in the Craven Basin (Carboniferous, predominantly limestone). Here, hydrogen sulfide is thought to be produced by microbial reduction of sulfate. The authors undertook analyses (ICP-OES for cations, ion chromatography for anions) of these springs/wells. The data is outlined below.

#The input solutions below demonstrate the use of SOLUTION_SPREAD. This can be achieved using tabs between each input rather than spaces. Direct copying of the data-block below may not run in PHREEQC, copy from attached file instead if problematic.

#These solutions could be used for inverse modelling to examine the mineralogy contributing to the solution chemistry.

SOLUTION_SPREAD
-units mg/kgw
Number   pH   Ca   Mg   Sr   Na   K   Fe   Mn   Cl   N(5)   S(6)   S(-2)   #Location #UK Grid Ref
1   7.9   166   13   1.8   137   4.1   0.1   0.1   145   0.4   159   25      #Sulphur Well Houses #SD93705092
2   8.2   155   9.3   0.9   40   3.8   0.1   0.1   42   35   59   2.4     #Sulphur Well Houses #SD93505085
3   7.7   147   4.4   0.2   30   0.6   0.1   0.1   36   17   25   0.5     #Thornton Church Well #SD90134832
4   8.0   106   19   5.1   475   26   0.1   0.1   528   0.1   328   96      #Fooden Farm Spring #SD79834889
5   7.0   110   11   1.6   208   4.9   0.1   0.1   159   23   140   23      #Arthurs Cave #SD79654865
6   7.9   86   7.0   0.3   11   4.3   0.1   0.1   31   3.6   17   25      #River Ribble Spring #SD80254862
7   8.6   20   5.8   0.7   18   1   0.1   0.1   22   17   25   46      #Stinky Bottoms #SD79955650
8   7.0   121   10   1.2   147   4.3   0.1   0.1   142   78   113   25      #Arthurs Cave #SD79654865

#Notes: pH of spring/well 5 and 8 not recorded, default 7.0. Some concentrations of Fe and Mn recorded as <0.1 but input as 0.1. S(-2) represents sulfide.


#Reference:

#Murphy, P.J., Bottrell, S.H., and Parker, K. (2014). Sulphur springs of the Craven Basin, NW England: indicators of natural methane leakage? Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology. 47, 81-88.