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Topic: Strange mineral precipitation behavior? (Read 1326 times)
ellisone
Contributor
Posts: 1
Strange mineral precipitation behavior?
«
on:
19/12/22 15:43 »
Hello,
I am working on some models of mineral dissolution/precipitation, and I have noticed that when using REACTION blocks, I see some mineral precipitation behavior that I wouldn't expect. In particular, if I initialize the model without the elements needed to precipitate the mineral, use EQUILIBRIUM_PHASES to add a mineral, and then start a REACTION that may also be unrelated to the mineral, I sometimes see net precipitation of the mineral when this shouldn't be possible because the required elements aren't provided in excess to allow precipitation.
Below is a minimal example. Reaction Step 1 looks pretty much as I would expect, but in reaction step 2 the delta for goethite is 9.995e-11, indicating that goethite has net-precipitated from solution, and also in an amount that exceeds the Fe that was in solution after step 1.
This seems like an impossible result to me, because there isn't 1e-10 moles of Fe in solution to support this goethite precipitation. Is it just rounding error? Should I not look for this much precision in the delta value?
Thanks a lot for any help!
Eric
Input file: K:\Raman\Eric\phreeqci\test.pqi
Output file: K:\Raman\Eric\phreeqci\test.pqo
Database file: C:\Program Files (x86)\USGS\Phreeqc Interactive 3.7.3-15968\database\phreeqc.dat
------------------
Reading data base.
------------------
SOLUTION_MASTER_SPECIES
SOLUTION_SPECIES
PHASES
EXCHANGE_MASTER_SPECIES
EXCHANGE_SPECIES
SURFACE_MASTER_SPECIES
SURFACE_SPECIES
RATES
END
------------------------------------
Reading input data for simulation 1.
------------------------------------
DATABASE C:\Program Files (x86)\USGS\Phreeqc Interactive 3.7.3-15968\database\phreeqc.dat
SOLUTION 1
temp 25
pH 6 charge
pe 4 O2(g) -0.7
redox pe
units mmol/l
density 1
Fe(3) 0
P 0
water 1 # kg
EQUILIBRIUM_PHASES 1
Goethite 0 0.55
REACTION 1
NaCl 1
3 millimoles in 3 steps
-------------------------------------------
Beginning of initial solution calculations.
-------------------------------------------
Initial solution 1.
-----------------------------Solution composition------------------------------
Elements Molality Moles
Pure water
----------------------------Description of solution----------------------------
pH = 6.997 Charge balance
pe = 13.625 Equilibrium with O2(g)
Specific Conductance (µS/cm, 25°C) = 0
Density (g/cm³) = 0.99704
Volume (L) = 1.00297
Activity of water = 1.000
Ionic strength (mol/kgw) = 1.006e-07
Mass of water (kg) = 1.000e+00
Total alkalinity (eq/kg) = 6.830e-17
Temperature (°C) = 25.00
Electrical balance (eq) = -6.830e-17
Percent error, 100*(Cat-|An|)/(Cat+|An|) = -0.00
Iterations = 7
Total H = 1.110124e+02
Total O = 5.550673e+01
----------------------------Distribution of species----------------------------
Log Log Log mole V
Species Molality Activity Molality Activity Gamma cm³/mol
OH- 1.006e-07 1.006e-07 -6.997 -6.997 -0.000 -4.14
H+ 1.006e-07 1.006e-07 -6.997 -6.997 -0.000 0.00
H2O 5.551e+01 1.000e+00 1.744 -0.000 0.000 18.07
H(0) 0.000e+00
H2 0.000e+00 0.000e+00 -44.394 -44.394 0.000 28.61
O(0) 5.112e-04
O2 2.556e-04 2.556e-04 -3.592 -3.592 0.000 30.40
------------------------------Saturation indices-------------------------------
Phase SI** log IAP log K(298 K, 1 atm)
H2(g) -41.29 -44.39 -3.10 H2
H2O(g) -1.50 -0.00 1.50 H2O
O2(g) -0.70 -3.59 -2.89 O2 Pressure 0.2 atm, phi 1.000
**For a gas, SI = log10(fugacity). Fugacity = pressure * phi / 1 atm.
For ideal gases, phi = 1.
-----------------------------------------
Beginning of batch-reaction calculations.
-----------------------------------------
Reaction step 1.
Using solution 1.
Using pure phase assemblage 1.
Using reaction 1.
Reaction 1.
1.000e-03 moles of the following reaction have been added:
Relative
Reactant moles
NaCl 1.00000
Relative
Element moles
Cl 1.00000
Na 1.00000
-------------------------------Phase assemblage--------------------------------
Moles in assemblage
Phase SI log IAP log K(T, P) Initial Final Delta
Goethite 0.00 -1.00 -1.00 5.500e-01 5.500e-01 -5.017e-14
-----------------------------Solution composition------------------------------
Elements Molality Moles
Cl 1.000e-03 1.000e-03
Fe 5.010e-14 5.010e-14
Na 1.000e-03 1.000e-03
----------------------------Description of solution----------------------------
pH = 6.997 Charge balance
pe = 13.625 Adjusted to redox equilibrium
Specific Conductance (µS/cm, 25°C) = 123
Density (g/cm³) = 0.99709
Volume (L) = 1.00299
Activity of water = 1.000
Ionic strength (mol/kgw) = 1.000e-03
Mass of water (kg) = 1.000e+00
Total alkalinity (eq/kg) = 5.017e-14
Temperature (°C) = 25.00
Electrical balance (eq) = -4.557e-14
Percent error, 100*(Cat-|An|)/(Cat+|An|) = -0.00
Iterations = 8
Total H = 1.110124e+02
Total O = 5.550673e+01
----------------------------Distribution of species----------------------------
Log Log Log mole V
Species Molality Activity Molality Activity Gamma cm³/mol
OH- 1.042e-07 1.005e-07 -6.982 -6.998 -0.016 -4.11
H+ 1.042e-07 1.007e-07 -6.982 -6.997 -0.015 0.00
H2O 5.551e+01 1.000e+00 1.744 -0.000 0.000 18.07
Cl 1.000e-03
Cl- 1.000e-03 9.649e-04 -3.000 -3.016 -0.016 18.07
FeCl+2 3.427e-24 2.976e-24 -23.465 -23.526 -0.061 (0)
FeCl+ 3.500e-26 3.378e-26 -25.456 -25.471 -0.015 (0)
FeCl2+ 1.329e-26 1.282e-26 -25.877 -25.892 -0.015 (0)
FeCl3 1.237e-30 1.237e-30 -29.908 -29.907 0.000 (0)
Fe(2) 2.928e-23
Fe+2 2.917e-23 2.536e-23 -22.535 -22.596 -0.061 -22.14
FeOH+ 8.250e-26 7.964e-26 -25.084 -25.099 -0.015 (0)
FeCl+ 3.500e-26 3.378e-26 -25.456 -25.471 -0.015 (0)
Fe(OH)2 6.729e-30 6.731e-30 -29.172 -29.172 0.000 (0)
Fe(OH)3- 2.573e-33 2.483e-33 -32.590 -32.605 -0.015 (0)
Fe(3) 5.010e-14
Fe(OH)3 2.753e-14 2.754e-14 -13.560 -13.560 0.000 (0)
Fe(OH)2+ 2.230e-14 2.153e-14 -13.652 -13.667 -0.015 (0)
Fe(OH)4- 2.584e-16 2.494e-16 -15.588 -15.603 -0.015 (0)
FeOH+2 7.540e-18 6.547e-18 -17.123 -17.184 -0.061 (0)
Fe+3 1.386e-22 1.021e-22 -21.858 -21.991 -0.133 (0)
FeCl+2 3.427e-24 2.976e-24 -23.465 -23.526 -0.061 (0)
FeCl2+ 1.329e-26 1.282e-26 -25.877 -25.892 -0.015 (0)
FeCl3 1.237e-30 1.237e-30 -29.908 -29.907 0.000 (0)
Fe2(OH)2+4 2.041e-33 1.154e-33 -32.690 -32.938 -0.248 (0)
Fe3(OH)4+5 0.000e+00 0.000e+00 -43.898 -44.285 -0.387 (0)
H(0) 0.000e+00
H2 0.000e+00 0.000e+00 -44.394 -44.394 0.000 28.61
Na 1.000e-03
Na+ 1.000e-03 9.652e-04 -3.000 -3.015 -0.015 -1.48
NaOH 9.699e-21 9.701e-21 -20.013 -20.013 0.000 (0)
O(0) 5.112e-04
O2 2.556e-04 2.557e-04 -3.592 -3.592 0.000 30.40
------------------------------Saturation indices-------------------------------
Phase SI** log IAP log K(298 K, 1 atm)
Fe(OH)3(a) -5.89 -1.00 4.89 Fe(OH)3
Goethite 0.00 -1.00 -1.00 FeOOH
H2(g) -41.29 -44.39 -3.10 H2
H2O(g) -1.50 -0.00 1.50 H2O
Halite -7.60 -6.03 1.57 NaCl
Hematite 2.01 -2.00 -4.01 Fe2O3
O2(g) -0.70 -3.59 -2.89 O2
**For a gas, SI = log10(fugacity). Fugacity = pressure * phi / 1 atm.
For ideal gases, phi = 1.
Reaction step 2.
Using solution 1.
Using pure phase assemblage 1.
Using reaction 1.
Reaction 1.
2.000e-03 moles of the following reaction have been added:
Relative
Reactant moles
NaCl 1.00000
Relative
Element moles
Cl 1.00000
Na 1.00000
-------------------------------Phase assemblage--------------------------------
Moles in assemblage
Phase SI log IAP log K(T, P) Initial Final Delta
Goethite 0.00 -1.00 -1.00 5.500e-01 5.500e-01 9.995e-11
-----------------------------Solution composition------------------------------
Elements Molality Moles
Cl 2.000e-03 2.000e-03
Fe 5.042e-14 5.042e-14
Na 2.000e-03 2.000e-03
----------------------------Description of solution----------------------------
pH = 6.997 Charge balance
pe = 13.625 Adjusted to redox equilibrium
Specific Conductance (µS/cm, 25°C) = 244
Density (g/cm³) = 0.99713
Volume (L) = 1.00301
Activity of water = 1.000
Ionic strength (mol/kgw) = 2.000e-03
Mass of water (kg) = 1.000e+00
Total alkalinity (eq/kg) = 5.049e-14
Temperature (°C) = 25.00
Electrical balance (eq) = -1.184e-13
Percent error, 100*(Cat-|An|)/(Cat+|An|) = -0.00
Iterations = 8
Total H = 1.110124e+02
Total O = 5.550673e+01
----------------------------Distribution of species----------------------------
Log Log Log mole V
Species Molality Activity Molality Activity Gamma cm³/mol
OH- 1.056e-07 1.004e-07 -6.976 -6.998 -0.022 -4.09
H+ 1.056e-07 1.008e-07 -6.976 -6.997 -0.020 0.00
H2O 5.551e+01 9.999e-01 1.744 -0.000 0.000 18.07
Cl 2.000e-03
Cl- 2.000e-03 1.903e-03 -2.699 -2.721 -0.022 18.09
FeCl+2 7.155e-24 5.883e-24 -23.145 -23.230 -0.085 (0)
FeCl+ 7.011e-26 6.672e-26 -25.154 -25.176 -0.022 (0)
FeCl2+ 5.251e-26 5.001e-26 -25.280 -25.301 -0.021 (0)
FeCl3 9.511e-30 9.516e-30 -29.022 -29.022 0.000 (0)
Fe(2) 3.097e-23
Fe+2 3.081e-23 2.540e-23 -22.511 -22.595 -0.084 -22.09
FeOH+ 8.370e-26 7.970e-26 -25.077 -25.099 -0.021 (0)
FeCl+ 7.011e-26 6.672e-26 -25.154 -25.176 -0.022 (0)
Fe(OH)2 6.727e-30 6.730e-30 -29.172 -29.172 0.000 (0)
Fe(OH)3- 2.605e-33 2.481e-33 -32.584 -32.605 -0.021 (0)
Fe(3) 5.042e-14
Fe(OH)3 2.753e-14 2.754e-14 -13.560 -13.560 0.000 (0)
Fe(OH)2+ 2.262e-14 2.155e-14 -13.645 -13.667 -0.021 (0)
Fe(OH)4- 2.616e-16 2.492e-16 -15.582 -15.603 -0.021 (0)
FeOH+2 7.976e-18 6.558e-18 -17.098 -17.183 -0.085 (0)
Fe+3 1.554e-22 1.024e-22 -21.808 -21.990 -0.181 (0)
FeCl+2 7.155e-24 5.883e-24 -23.145 -23.230 -0.085 (0)
FeCl2+ 5.251e-26 5.001e-26 -25.280 -25.301 -0.021 (0)
FeCl3 9.511e-30 9.516e-30 -29.022 -29.022 0.000 (0)
Fe2(OH)2+4 2.559e-33 1.158e-33 -32.592 -32.936 -0.344 (0)
Fe3(OH)4+5 0.000e+00 0.000e+00 -43.745 -44.283 -0.538 (0)
H(0) 0.000e+00
H2 0.000e+00 0.000e+00 -44.394 -44.394 0.000 28.61
Na 2.000e-03
Na+ 2.000e-03 1.904e-03 -2.699 -2.720 -0.021 -1.46
NaOH 1.911e-20 1.912e-20 -19.719 -19.718 0.000 (0)
O(0) 5.112e-04
O2 2.556e-04 2.557e-04 -3.592 -3.592 0.000 30.40
------------------------------Saturation indices-------------------------------
Phase SI** log IAP log K(298 K, 1 atm)
Fe(OH)3(a) -5.89 -1.00 4.89 Fe(OH)3
Goethite 0.00 -1.00 -1.00 FeOOH
H2(g) -41.29 -44.39 -3.10 H2
H2O(g) -1.50 -0.00 1.50 H2O
Halite -7.01 -5.44 1.57 NaCl
Hematite 2.01 -2.00 -4.01 Fe2O3
O2(g) -0.70 -3.59 -2.89 O2
**For a gas, SI = log10(fugacity). Fugacity = pressure * phi / 1 atm.
For ideal gases, phi = 1.
Reaction step 3.
Using solution 1.
Using pure phase assemblage 1.
Using reaction 1.
Reaction 1.
3.000e-03 moles of the following reaction have been added:
Relative
Reactant moles
NaCl 1.00000
Relative
Element moles
Cl 1.00000
Na 1.00000
-------------------------------Phase assemblage--------------------------------
Moles in assemblage
Phase SI log IAP log K(T, P) Initial Final Delta
Goethite 0.00 -1.00 -1.00 5.500e-01 5.500e-01 9.995e-11
-----------------------------Solution composition------------------------------
Elements Molality Moles
Cl 3.000e-03 3.000e-03
Fe 5.066e-14 5.066e-14
Na 3.000e-03 3.000e-03
----------------------------Description of solution----------------------------
pH = 6.996 Charge balance
pe = 13.626 Adjusted to redox equilibrium
Specific Conductance (µS/cm, 25°C) = 363
Density (g/cm³) = 0.99717
Volume (L) = 1.00302
Activity of water = 1.000
Ionic strength (mol/kgw) = 3.000e-03
Mass of water (kg) = 1.000e+00
Total alkalinity (eq/kg) = 5.073e-14
Temperature (°C) = 25.00
Electrical balance (eq) = -2.156e-13
Percent error, 100*(Cat-|An|)/(Cat+|An|) = -0.00
Iterations = 8
Total H = 1.110124e+02
Total O = 5.550673e+01
----------------------------Distribution of species----------------------------
Log Log Log mole V
Species Molality Activity Molality Activity Gamma cm³/mol
OH- 1.066e-07 1.003e-07 -6.972 -6.999 -0.026 -4.08
H+ 1.066e-07 1.009e-07 -6.972 -6.996 -0.024 0.00
H2O 5.551e+01 9.999e-01 1.744 -0.000 0.000 18.07
Cl 3.000e-03
Cl- 3.000e-03 2.825e-03 -2.523 -2.549 -0.026 18.10
FeCl+2 1.108e-23 8.754e-24 -22.955 -23.058 -0.103 (0)
FeCl2+ 1.172e-25 1.104e-25 -24.931 -24.957 -0.026 (0)
FeCl+ 1.053e-25 9.920e-26 -24.977 -25.004 -0.026 (0)
FeCl3 3.117e-29 3.120e-29 -28.506 -28.506 0.000 (0)
Fe(2) 3.228e-23
Fe+2 3.209e-23 2.544e-23 -22.494 -22.594 -0.101 -22.06
FeCl+ 1.053e-25 9.920e-26 -24.977 -25.004 -0.026 (0)
FeOH+ 8.461e-26 7.976e-26 -25.073 -25.098 -0.026 (0)
Fe(OH)2 6.725e-30 6.730e-30 -29.172 -29.172 0.000 (0)
Fe(OH)3- 2.630e-33 2.479e-33 -32.580 -32.606 -0.026 (0)
Fe(3) 5.066e-14
Fe(OH)3 2.752e-14 2.754e-14 -13.560 -13.560 0.000 (0)
Fe(OH)2+ 2.287e-14 2.156e-14 -13.641 -13.666 -0.025 (0)
Fe(OH)4- 2.640e-16 2.490e-16 -15.578 -15.604 -0.025 (0)
FeOH+2 8.318e-18 6.569e-18 -17.080 -17.183 -0.103 (0)
Fe+3 1.689e-22 1.026e-22 -21.772 -21.989 -0.216 (0)
FeCl+2 1.108e-23 8.754e-24 -22.955 -23.058 -0.103 (0)
FeCl2+ 1.172e-25 1.104e-25 -24.931 -24.957 -0.026 (0)
FeCl3 3.117e-29 3.120e-29 -28.506 -28.506 0.000 (0)
Fe2(OH)2+4 3.030e-33 1.161e-33 -32.519 -32.935 -0.416 (0)
Fe3(OH)4+5 0.000e+00 0.000e+00 -43.631 -44.281 -0.651 (0)
H(0) 0.000e+00
H2 0.000e+00 0.000e+00 -44.394 -44.394 0.000 28.61
Na 3.000e-03
Na+ 3.000e-03 2.827e-03 -2.523 -2.549 -0.026 -1.44
NaOH 2.835e-20 2.837e-20 -19.547 -19.547 0.000 (0)
O(0) 5.112e-04
O2 2.556e-04 2.558e-04 -3.592 -3.592 0.000 30.40
------------------------------Saturation indices-------------------------------
Phase SI** log IAP log K(298 K, 1 atm)
Fe(OH)3(a) -5.89 -1.00 4.89 Fe(OH)3
Goethite 0.00 -1.00 -1.00 FeOOH
H2(g) -41.29 -44.39 -3.10 H2
H2O(g) -1.50 -0.00 1.50 H2O
Halite -6.67 -5.10 1.57 NaCl
Hematite 2.01 -2.00 -4.01 Fe2O3
O2(g) -0.70 -3.59 -2.89 O2
**For a gas, SI = log10(fugacity). Fugacity = pressure * phi / 1 atm.
For ideal gases, phi = 1.
------------------
End of simulation.
------------------
------------------------------------
Reading input data for simulation 2.
------------------------------------
-------------------------------
End of Run after 0.079 Seconds.
-------------------------------
Logged
dlparkhurst
Global Moderator
Posts: 4030
Re: Strange mineral precipitation behavior?
«
Reply #1 on:
19/12/22 16:33 »
Looks like a bug, but not one I'm going to worry about. For your case, if the solution does not have any iron in the system, then PHREEQC dissolves 1e-10 moles of goethite to do the calculation. After the numerical solution is found, it tries to adjust the mole transfer for that 1e-10 moles that were added. It works correctly for the first step, but it looks like the subsequent steps do not account for that 1e-10 moles correctly. I think if the mole transfer were greater than 1e-10, there would not be a problem.
If you (1) add some Fe to the initial solution or (2) use INCREMENTAL_REACTIONS, I think you will get correct results. As it is, the error is on the order of 1e-10 moles in the mole transfer of Goethite, but the solution composition should be identical to the results using (1) or (2).
Logged
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Strange mineral precipitation behavior?